Sociolinguistic studies in the worker-and-peasant Red Army in the 1920s

Sociolinguistic studies in the worker-and-peasant Red Army in the 1920s


Obraztsov I.V.

Dr. Sci. (Sociol.), Prof., the Department of Sociology, Head of Sociological Laboratory, Moscow State Linguistic University, Moscow, Russia igorobraztsov@rambler.ru

ID of the Article:


For citation:

Obraztsov I.V. Sociolinguistic studies in the worker-and-peasant Red Army in the 1920s. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. 2017. No 12. P. 144-155




Abstract

The article is devoted to the sociolinguistic study “The language of a Red Army soldier. A study of the vocabulary of a Red Army soldier in Moscow”, carried out by Soviet psychotechnologists under the guidance of Isaac Spielrein in 1924–1925. With multiple sources analyzed including the materials of the Russian State Military Archive, the article describes the conditions of organizing and conducting the study and publishing its results alongside the subsequent repression against the authors. It illustrates the conditions and causes of the initial rapid development of theoretical debate and research practice in the 1920s and their full curtailment in the early 1930s. The article reveals in a condensed manner the covert reasons for publication, provides additional information about the organizational and methodological aspects of the project, as well as about the causes of its years-long disappearance and its significance for modern research practice. The paper aims to revive the topicality of the problem of objective analyzing the evolution of sociological science in the Soviet Union in 1920–1930s.


Keywords
empirical studies; the Red Army; a red army soldier; a political enlightenment; psychotechnics; the Worker-Peasant Red Army; vocabulary; sociolinguistic; the USSR; language; the 1920s

References

Berkhin I. B. (1958) Military Reforms in the USSR (1924–1925). Moscow: Voenizdat. (In Russ.)

Bukharin N. I. (1923) The theory of Historical Materialism. A Common Textbook of Marxist Sociology. Moscow- Leningrad: Gosizdat. (In Russ.)

Bogdanchikov S. А. (2011) The History of Soviet psychology: 1920–1930. Saratov: Saratovskij gos. sots.-ehkonom. un-t. (In Russ.)

Gellershtejn S. G. I.N. (1966) Shpil’rejn (to the 75th anniversary). Voprosy psikhologii [Questions of psychology]. No. 4: 148– 153. (In Russ.)

Gellershtejn S. G. Rejtynbarg D. I. (1948) Occupational Rehabilitation and Vocational Training. Moscow: Medgiz. (In Russ.)

Golosenko I. А., Kozlovskij V. V. (1995) The History of Russian Sociology XIX–XX. Tutorial. Moscow: Onega. (In Russ.)

Gus M., Zagoryanskij Yu., Kaganovich N. (1926) The Language of Newspapers. Moscow: Rabotnik prosveshheniya. (In Russ.)

Gusev S. I. (1925) Civil War and Red Army. The Collection of Military-Theoretical and Military-Political Articles (1918–1924). Moscow- Leningrad: Gosizdat. (In Russ.)

Donskoj Ya. (1927) Language’s sabotage. Krasnaya zvezda [The Red Star]. No. 28: 2. (In Russ.)

Etkind A. (2016) Eros of the Impossible. The History of Psychoanalysis in Russia. Moscow: Klass. (In Russ.)

Zverev S. Eh. (2013) Speech Education of Soldiers. Saint-Petersburg: Аlteya. (In Russ.)

Golenkova Z. T., Vityuk V. V. (eds.) (1989) The History of Soviet Social Science Development During 1920–1930. Moscow: In-t sotsiologii RАN. (In Russ.)

Kozlova L. A. (2016) Post-revolutionary Russian sociology: the failure of sovietization. Sociologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological studies]. No.12: 105–113. (In Russ.)

Kol’tsova V.А., Noskova O. G., Olejnik Yu.N. (1990) I.N. SHpil’rejn and the soviet psychotechnics. Psikhologicheskij zhurnal [Psychological journal]. No. 2: 111–133. (In Russ.)

Kryuchkova T. B. (2008) The development of domestic sociolinguistics. In: Sociology of yesterday and now: Sb. nauch. trudov. 2nd ed., comp. Responsible ed. N. N. Troshina N. N. Moscow: INION RАN: 8–49. (In Russ.)

Kudrin А. (1924) How does a common Red Army soldier perceive the newspaper? Krasnaya pechat’ [The Red Print]. No. 6: 5–9. (In Russ.)

Kukushkina E. I. (2013) The History of Sociology: the Textbook. 2nd ed., rev. and comp. Moscow: INFRА-M. (In Russ.)

Kurek N. S. (2004) The History of the Elimination of Pedology and Psychotechnics. Saint-Petersburg: Аletejya. (In Russ.)

Larin B. А. (1928) About the linguistic study of the city. In: Russian speech. Ed. by L. V. Sherby. The 3rd release. Leningrad: ACADEMIA. 61–74. (In Russ.)

Leont’ev А.А. (1997) The Basics of Psycholinguistics. Moscow: Smysl. (In Russ.)

Levigurovich G. I., Netskij G. O., Rejtynbarg D. I. (1928) The Study of the Firefighter’s Profession. Moscow: Izd. NKVD, Mospoligraf. (In Russ.)

Mazilov V. А., Stoyukhina N.Yu. (2014) The last fall of the soviet psychotechnics. Yaroslavskij pedagogicheskij vestnik [Yaroslavl pedagogical Bulletin]. Vol. 2: Psycho-pedagogical science. No.4: 223–236. (In Russ.)

Markova E. V., Volkov V. А., Rodnyj А. N., a. o. (2001) Gulag Secrets of the Development of the North. Responsible ed. Pashkovskij I. S. Moscow: Strojizdat. (In Russ.)

Munipov V. M. (2006) I. N. Shpil’rejn, L. S. Vygotskij and S. G. Gellershtejn – the founders of scientific school of psychotechnics in the USSR. Kul’turno-istoricheskaya psikhologiya [Cultural-historical psychology]. No. 4: 85–109. (In Russ.)

Noskova O. G. (2006) The Moscow school of industrial psychotechnics (to 115th anniversary of I. N. Shpil’rejn and to 110th anniversary of S. G. Gellershtejn). Metodologiya i istoriya psikhologii [Methodology and history of psychology]. Vol. 1. No 2: 31–46. (In Russ.)

Netskij G. O. (1932) The state and prospects of psychotechnical work’s development in the Ural region. In: Psychotechnics and physiology of labor. The 1 release. Sverdlovsk. 5–11. (In Russ.)

Oranskij S. А. (1929) Key Questions of Marxist Sociology. Vol. 1. Leningrad: Priboj. (In Russ.)

Platonov K. K. (2005) My Personal Encounters on the Great Road of Life: the Old Psychologist’s Memories. Moscow: In-t psikhologii RАN. (In Russ.)

The resolution of the Central Committee of the CPSU(b) the 4th of July 1936. “About pedological distortions in the system of Narkompros”. (1936) Pedagogicheskoe obrazovanie [Pedagogical education]. No. 4: 25–27. (In Russ.)

Rejtynbarg D. I. (1925) About the reader from the Red Army. Sputnik politrabotnika [Commissar’s sputnik]. No.6: 41–50. (In Russ.)

Rejtynbarg D. I. (1944) Organization of Workshops Upon Work Therapy in Evacuation Hospitals of AUCCTU. Moscow: Profizdat. (In Russ.)

Rejtynbarg D. I. (1968) The Essay on the Vance Packard’s Book “Hidden monitors”: Psychoanalysis in Advertising. Moscow: Ministerstvo torgovli SSSR. (In Russ.)

Rozhkov А. Yu. (2014) Among Peers: the Life World of Young Man in Soviet Russia of 1920. Moscow: Novoe literaturnoe obozrenie. (In Russ.)

Ryss S. (1924) The study of the vocabulary of the Red Army’s soldiers. Sputnik politrabotnika [Commissar’s sputnik]. No. 3: 51–56. (In Russ.)

Selishhev А. M. (1928) The Language of the Revolutionary Era. From Recent Years Observations of the Russian Language (1917– 1926). Moscow: Rabotnik prosveshheniya. (In Russ.)

Solov’ev V.K. (1926) What does the survey of the vocabulary of the Red Army’s soldier tell us? Bor’ba i ucheba [Struggle and learning]. No. 4(50): 43–47. (In Russ.)

Stoyukhina N. Yu. (2016) The Psychology of Influence in the Soviet Psychotechnics: 1920–1930: Monography. Yaroslavl: RIO YaGPU. (In Russ.)

Haritonov N. (1929) Political Apparatus of the Red Army. Leningrad-Moscow: Gosizdat. (In Russ.)

Chagin А. B. (1971) The Essay on the History of Sociological Thought in the USSR (1917–1969). Leningrad: Nauka. Leningr. otdie. (In Russ.)

Chernykh А. I. (1998) The Formation of Soviet Russia: 20th in the Mirror of Sociology. Moscow: Pamyatniki istoricheskoj mysli. (In Russ.)

Shafir Ya. (1924) The language of mass literature. Knigonosha [Carrier of books] No. 39: 2–3.

Shvejtser А. D. (1990) Sociolinguistics. In: Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary. Responsible ed. V. N. Yartseva. Moscow: Sovetskaya ehntsiklopediya. 481–482. (In Russ.)

Shpil’rejn I.N. (1922) About the methods of psychological professional selection. Organizatsiya truda (Labour organization). Vol. III: 60–68. (In Russ.)

Shpil’rejn I.N. (1924) The study of the vocabulary of the Red Army’s soldiers of the Moscow garrison. Voennyj vestnik [Military Gazette] No. 31: 41–45. (In Russ.)

Shpil’rejn I.N. (1924) Scientific organization of psychotechnics. Vremya [The Time]. No. 4: 19–24. (In Russ.)

Shpil’rejn I.N. (1924) The vocabulary of the Red Army’s recruits. Voennyj vestnik [Military Gazette]. No. 46: 25–28. (In Russ.)

Shpil’rejn I.N. (1927) The political vocabulary of the Red Army’s soldiers of the Moscow garrison. Vojna i revolyutsiya [War and Revolution]. No. 12: 143–157. (In Russ.)

Shpil’rejn I.N., Rejtynbarg D. I., Netskij G. O. (1928) The Language of the Red Army’s Soldier. The Study Experience of the Vocabulary of the Red Army’s Soldiers of the Moscow Garnison. Moscow-Leningrad: Gosizdat. (In Russ.)

Shpil’rejn I.N. (ed.) (1929) Manual of Psycho-Professional Selection. Moscow-Leningrad: Gosizdat. (In Russ.)

Shpil’rejn I.N. (1929) About changes in names and surnames (socio-psychological study). Psikhotekhnika i psikhofiziologiya truda [Psychotechnics and the psychophysiology of labor]. No. 4: 281–285. (In Russ.)

Chernevskij V. (ed.) (1928) X years of the Red Army 1918–1928: Album of schemes. Moscow: Voennyj vestnik. (In Russ.)

Münsterberg H. (1912) Psychology and Economic Life. A Contribution to Applied Experimental Psychology. Leipzig: Publisher of Johann Ambrosius Barth. (In German)

Shpilrayn I. M. (1926) Yiddish is a Summary of the Course at the Second Moscow State University. Moscow: Izd-vo Shkola i Kniga. (In Yiddish)

Stern W. (1900) On Psychology of Individual Differences: Ideas for a “Differential Psychology”. Leipzig: Publisher of Johann Ambrosius Barth. (In German)

Content No 12, 2017