Неовеберианство и профессии
Сакс М.
почетный профессор (Emeritus Professor) Университета Саффолка, Великобритания, приглашенный профессор Университета Линкольна, Королевского ветеринарного колледжа, Университета Лондона, Университета Вестминстера (Великобритания), Университета Торонто (Канада), Саффолк, Великобритания m.saks@uos.ac.uk
ID статьи на сайте журнала: 8180
Сакс М. Неовеберианство и профессии // Социологические исследования. 2020. № 6. С. 28-41.
DOI 10.31857/S013216250009646-3
В статье обсуждаются аргументы в пользу важности неовеберианского подхода к профессиям как к особому виду занятий. Показана возросшая роль профессий в изменчивом современном мире. Многие теоретические работы о сути и роли профессий были написаны в Великобритании и США, однако сейчас это направление расширяет границы, охватывая другие страны Европы и мира. Теория социологии профессий зародилась в 1950–1960-х гг. на основе двух подходов: определения признаков почитаемых профессий (deferential trait approach) и функционалистских представлений о профессиях. В обоих случаях профессиональная идеология принималась на веру. На смену таксономической перспективе в 1960–1970-е гг. пришел символический интеракционизм и другие критические подходы к профессиям – неомарксистский, фукодианский и дискурсивный, ассоциирующиеся с контркультурой. Краткая ревизия этих подходов способствует выявлению достоинств неовеберианского подхода, используемого для понимания профессий в современном контексте. В статье обозначены различные аспектынеовеберианского рыночного подхода, основанного на концепции исключающего социального закрытия М. Вебера. Рассматривается, как этот подход применяется на практике, каковы его потенциальные ограничения, а также перспективы для дальнейших плодотворных исследований в его рамках.
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