printWomen’s Activity in the Public Sphere:
Dynamics of Ethnogender Attitudes in the South of Russia
Klimenko L.V.
Dr. Sci. (Sociol.), Assoc. Prof., Prof. of the Institute of Tourism, Service and Creative Industries, Southern Federal University Rostov-on-Don, Russia. lucl@yandex.ru
Vereshchagina A.V.
Dr. Sci. (Sociol.), Associate Prof., Institute of Sociology and Regional Studies, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia anrietta25@mail.ru
Klimenko L.V., Vereshchagina A.V. Women’s Activity in the Public Sphere: Dynamics of Ethnogender Attitudes in the South of Russia. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniya [Sociological Studies]. 2023. No 10. P. 137-145
Determination of the vector of development and sources of integration in multi-ethnic societies should include an assessment of gender systems. The South of Russia is distinguished by a specific ethno-cultural and socio-economic diversity. Nowadays, it includes the territories of two federal districts – the Southern and the North Caucasian (9 national republics and more than 40 nationalities). Economically developed territories and modern social relations coexist with territories with a demodernized economy, low living standards and a traditionalist type of social relations. Official statistics and various studies show the segregation of women in the work sphere and socio-political activity. The article discusses the results of sociological research conducted in six sub-regions of the South of Russia in three stages (2004, 2010 and 2020 years). On the grounds for the content of attitudes regarding the public forms of activity of women, the degree of coincidence of the views of men and women, as well as the vector of the dynamics of ethno-agricultural installations, the subregions of the South of Russia are differentiated into three types – traditional, transition and modernized. The traditional type (Ingushetia, Dagestan) is characterized by high indicators of conservatism of gender attitudes of men and women who are quite stable. The transition type (Kabardino-Balkaria, Adygea, Karachay-Cherkessia) has higher indicators of the approval for the public activity of women with a pronounced gap between the estimates of men and women, while the latter are more often focused on the deconstruction of the traditional gender display. The modernized type (Rostov region) is associated with a more sustainable level of egalitarization of attitudes in both gender subgroups. The inconsistency of ethno-agricultural attitudes in the field of public activity of women complicates the macro-level integration and reduces the efficiency of the use of human capital in the polyethnical south of Russia.
Atlas of modernization of Russia and its regions: socioeconomic and sociocultural trends and problems. (2016) Comp. аnd ed. by N.I. Lapin. Moscow: Ves’ Mir. (In Russ.)
Auzan A.A., Antonov E.V., Bryzgalin V.A. et al. (2019) Sociocultural factors of innovative activity of the population. Moscow: NP. (In Russ.)
Avksentiev V.A., Gritsenko G.D., Dmitriev A.V. (2008) Regional conflictology: concepts and Russian practice.Moscow: Alfa-M. (In Russ.)
Chesnov Ya.V. (1998) Lectures on historical ethnology: Textbook. Moscow: Gardariki. (In Russ.)
Culture Matters: How Values Drive Societal Progress (2002). Ed. by L. Harrison, S. Huntington. Trans. from Eng. by A. Zakharova, ed. N. Gayamova. Moscow: MShPI. 2002. (In Russ.)
Denisova G.S., Dmitriev A.V., Klimenko L.V. (2010) South Russian identity: factors and resources. Moscow: Alfa-M. (In Russ.)
Denisova G.S., Ulanov V.P. (2003) Russians in the North Caucasus: An Analysis of the Transformation of Socio-Cultural Status. Rostov-on-Don: RGPU. (In Russ.)
Inglehart R., Baker W. (2000) Modernization, Cultural Change, and the persistence of Traditional Values. American Sociological Review. No 2 (65): 19–51. DOI: 10.2307/2657288.
Interethnic relations and religious situation in the Southern Federal District. Expert report (results of 2019). (2020) Gen. ed. By G.S. Denisova. Rostov-on-Don: FNO. (In Russ.)
Khadzhalova Kh.M., Abdulaeva Z.Z. (2019) Gender characteristics of the labor market in the republics of the North Caucasus. Еhkonomika truda [Russian Journal of Labor Economics]. No. 4: 1463–1474. DOI: 10.18334/et.6.4.41228. (In Russ.)
Klimenko L.V. (2021a) Family in the multicultural space of the South of Russia: ethno-gender dimension. Zhenshchina v rossijskom obshchestve [Woman in Russian society]. No. 3: 99–116. DOI: 10.21064/WinRS.2021.3.8. (In Russ.)
Klimenko L.V. (2021b) Gender relations in the South of Russia: an ethno-sociological analysis. Rostovon-Don: FNO. (In Russ.)
Matishov G.G., Avksentiev V.A., Batiev L.V. (2008) Atlas of socio-political problems, threats and risks of the South of Russia. Rostov-on-Don: YuNC RAN. (In Russ.)
Pochebut L.G., Shmeleva I.A. (2015) Gender relations in different ethnic cultures of Russia. Рsihologicheskij zhurnal [Psychological journal]. Vol. 36. No. 6: 66–75. (In Russ.)
Shoranova Z.V., Vindizheva A.O., Zhelegotova R.M., Reshetnikova N.N. (2021) Deconstruction of the traditional gender order in the North Caucasian society at the beginning of the XXI century. Gumanitarij Yuga Rossii [Humanitarians of the South of Russia]. Vol. 10. No. 2: 138–149. DOI: 10.18522/2227-8656.2021.2.12. (In Russ.)
Sirazhudinova S.V. (2015) Gender Boundaries and Prospects for Gender Dialogue in the North Caucasus. Zhenshchina v rossijskom obshchestve [Woman in Russian society]. No. 1(74): 53–61. DOI: 10.24412/2500-221X-2015-174-53-61. (In Russ.)
Sirazhudinova S.V. (2021) The gender system of Muslim society: on the example of the republics of the North Caucasus. Zhenshchina v rossijskom obshchestve [Woman in Russian society]. 2021. No. 1: 56–67. DOI: 10.21064/WinRS.2021.1.5. (In Russ.)
Sirazhudinova S.V. (2022) Gender and frontier in the North Caucasus. Vestnik anthropologii [Herald of Anthropology]. No. 2: 128–140. DOI: 10.33876/2311-0546/2022-2/128-140. (In Russ.)
Starodubrovskaya I.V. (2019) The crisis of the traditional North Caucasian family in the post-Soviet period and its social consequences. Zhurnal issledovanij social’noj politiki [The Journal of Social Policy Studies]. Vol. 17. No. 1: 39–56. DOI: 10.17323/727-0634-2019-17-1-39-56. (In Russ.)
Tekueva M.A. (2019) The world of sensory experiences of a Caucasian woman. Vestnik antropologii [Herald of Anthropology]. No. 3 (47): 22–38. DOI: 10.33876/2311-0546/2019-47-3/22-38. (In Russ.)
Temkina A., Rotkirch A. (2002) Soviet gender contracts and their transformation in contemporary Russia. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia [Sociological Studies]. No. 1: 4–15. (In Russ.)
Vereshchagina A.V., Zagirova E.M. (2022) Polygamy in Dagestan in the optics of public opinion. Sotsiologicheskie issledovaniia [Sociological Studies]. No. 2: 117–128. DOI: 10.31857/S013216250016856-4. (In Russ.)
Women and men of Russia. 2020: Stat. sb. (2022) Moscow: Rosstat. URL: https://rosstat.gov.ru/folder/210/document/13215 (In Russ.)