The paper deals with possible axiomatization of sociology as a science. Axioms (postulates) are formulated, and it is argued that sociological cognition directed at the study of dynamic object needs combination of dialectical and formal logic. Examples demonstrate the combination of civilizational, institutional and subject-functional approaches in constricting gnoseological models in sociology. Examples of such models are provided including those built with application of socioeconomic formations concept as forms of civilization.