What are the axiological foundations of the emergence of sociological science? In what cultural context it was formed? Sociology originated in Western Europe, where Christianity (in contrast to the pantheistic religions of the East) public dimension is not seen as an illusion, allowed active transformative activity and cultural creativity. Deistic worldview resulting from the freedom of thinking, was the starting the point of birth of sociology as an independent science, free from theology and metaphysics. But early sociology contained a significant element of utopianism.