The author discusses three interrelated rounds of ideas. First round – origins of Russia as society, state, civilization; endogenous and exogenous vectors of society and civilization formation. The second circle – humanist choice by Russia population, concept of real humanism, humanistic turn-point in the social sciences, critical humanism as methodology to understand real evolution. Third round – the stages of humanistic modernization preparation and the focuses of Russian sociology. Many issues raised require further research.