The article attempts to combine the results of author’s research in several areas: analysis of cooperation as a mode of social organization, evaluation of the epistemological significance of ideology, analyses of the phenomena of agreement and cooperation, specifics and advantages of civilizational approach to the study of society, historical fate and the possibility of a positive development of the Russian society. The article defines the meaning of the category of agreement in natural language, meanings of the special sociological category of agreement and fundamental meaning of the agreement as the civilizational archetype of the Russian society. The work aims to conceptualize the need to rethink both sociological theory and social reality of our country. The solution to this problem involves consideration of the category of agreement in two ways: in terms of conflictological approach and in the relationship to neighboring categories. Highlighted are the historical stages of the development of research on agreement phenomenon. Two basic ways of conceptualizing the philosophical category of agreement are postulated: as the primary and secondary phenomenon in relation to the conflict. In addition, the agreement is understood as a category requiring civilizational characteristics of specific societies. In this regard, in addition to the definition of nationwide consensus, the article proposes an approach, according to which every society has civilizational characteristics, which, in case of Russia, can be considered in two aspects. Firstly, it is a problem of self-identification of Russia, leading to the need to include an ideological component in the very structure of social theory of Russian society. Secondly, this is the particular Russian model of multiculturalism. The article compares this model with the corresponding models of the United States and the European Union. The advantages of the Russian model indicate essential arguments in favor of recognizing Russian society as a special civilization. The possibilities to create a project of development of the Russian society, the adequacy of its civilizational specificities includes clarification of the overcultural ideology in connection with the theoretical conceptualization of the phenomenon of agreement as archetype of the Russian civilization. The article points to the need to adopt four basic assumptions: the incompleteness of the formation of the world’s civilizations, the need to create overcultural ideology, possibility of non-capitalist mentality of non-Marxist type, more complex model of human being, possibly in cooperative system of working owners.