The article investigates dynamics of migration processes in Tuva for about twenty recent years. Basing on the 2010 and 2014 data, causes and results are shown of Russians’ outflow, as well as those of intense regional migration of the native population. It is concluded that transformation of the socio-cultural sphere is obvious in the case of the long-term population reduction and Russian population density and are caused by high migration outflow from Tuva and fall of living standards of the Tuvinian population. It is noted that the Republic is affected by unequivalent migration exchange and the change of socio-cultural sphere. These factors cause a high level of social strain and signifiant migration potential of Tuva Republic residents. Risk zones of the high migration activity of ethnic groups are identified.