Russian village has deep historical roots. In the history of sociology there are various theoretical and applied studies of this socio-economic formation. Among them a special place occupies the name of Anton Mikhailovich Bolshakov (1887–1938) now undeservedly forgotten. Meanwhile, in the first third of the XX century, he was widely known historian and researcher of social problems of the village, his articles and books widely read and reprinted [Bolshakov, 1925, 1926, 1927, 1928, etc.]. They offered observations, reasoned conclusions and carefully thought-through research of rural life, its real processes, problems and ways of transformation – from business processes to the content of spiritual life in the initial period of Soviet construction. A major research scientist, he had his own farm that allowed to give comparative characteristics of the past and present, to explore old and new features of post-revolutionary Russian village.