The article presents arguments that the main dominant theme of the state migration policy of the largest state in the world at present should be increase of migrant population. Russia should become an attractive country for migration of compatriots living abroad, for the population of the former Soviet republics, with similar mentality of the economically active population. The lack of understanding of the main priorities of the state migration policy is shown. The main tools and measures to be taken to achieve these goals are discussed and a brief critical analysis of contemporary legal practice in the field of migration is given. It is shown that resettlement as process providing a real migration increase is only is as possible if the problems of resettlement are closely linked to other state projects aimed at the development of depressed regions. The problems of adaptation policy are touched upon depending on the migrants’ category (migration for permanent residence, the migration of highly qualified specialists for a long time accompanied by the family, seasonal migration, temporary labor, etc.).