The article is devoted to sociological studies of the challenges to European community and the position of sociologists in this situation. Sociologists did not stay aside from these provocative questions about the present and future of Europe and began to conduct their studies of this critical situation. The paper concentrates on sociological analyses by the conference participants of prospects for a united Europe, dangers for convergence of European nations, nationalism and coosmopoliticism, links between above issues and contemporary capitalism, attitude to EU of its countries’ population, recent crisis in Greece, situation in the countries of Southern Europe etc. The article uses the materials of the XIII conference of the European Sociological Association, held in Athens in 2017 (Universities Pantheon and Harocopio) in Greece.