Вasic criterias of social classes differentiation in the modern Belarusian society are discussed in the context of the analysis of status and prospects for the development of main social groups in the field of agricultural production, of agricultural workers and peasants. Knowledge of social group specifics of workers and peasants in regional conditions and trends in the rural communities social structure will enable local authorities to take into account differentiation of their rural population and the specific features of the economic behavior, lifestyle, motivation, migration intentions and electoral behavior in the process of social policy implementation.