The article analyzes the main trends in the development of military sociology in Poland from the late 1950s to the present. A periodization of the historical path of Polish military sociology has been proposed and substantiated: 1) 1957–1968 – the period of creation and institutionalization; 2) 1969–1989 – the period of development of the subdiscipline exclusively within the framework of the military organization; 3) from 1990 to the present – the period of searching for updated forms for military sociology functioning, creation of new conceptual projects (sociology of security, sociology of dispositional groups), requiring changes to the ideas about subdiscipline that existed before this time. On the basis of historical analysis, the author considers possibilities for further development of this knowledge field within the framework of Polish sociological thought.