The problems of morality and ethics have been the focus of social science since ancient times. The study of the ethical problems’ actualization is caused by the rapid changes in the world. The journal “Sociological Studies” initiated the Round table and invited the leading researchers of these problems to discuss them in all their contradictory and sometimes paradoxical development in all spheres of public life – in labor, politics, and social relations, in culture and science. The experts formulated their ideas about the essence of the changes and also the proposals which are not only academic, but also applied in nature. The attempts to answer the following questions are of interest. Who determines the moral person (morality) of modern society? Have new concepts emerged or are the old ones being transformed? Is there a subject of moral culture? What new moral problems have become more acute in the modern world and modern Russian society? What ethical problems do scientists face? We believe the discussion of the proposed issues is a step towards understanding new phenomena, clarifying positions and concepts.