Using an interdisciplinary approach we analyze the historical sources and sociological surveys data to characterize micromigration processes in rural communities of a typical agrarian Tambov region. The authors investigate facts of irrevocable departure from the countryside as well as return migration, especially of young specialists in the Soviet era as varying manifestations of pendulum movements of both current villagers and their previously migrated relatives. More confirmation of the earlier observation about a significant role in the return to the homeland of the “call of the ancestors” was obtained. Particular attention is paid to the historical and socio-psychological factors of the migrations that took place. We made an attempt to establish the direction and subjective motives of the migration plans of the studied groups of the rural population, which in many ways, according to the authors, are dreams, partly illusory.