The article is devoted to the problem of educational inequality reproduction. The authors refer to domestic and foreign sociological studies of education research developing their own concept of major mechanisms that provide reproduction of inequality through public education, as well as institutional barriers hampering access to quality education. Basing on empirical research from 2000–2013, they reveal regional trends in the reproduction of educational inequality and institutional barriers in the area of general upper secondary education. Also strategies are proposed for state educational policy to eliminate educational inequality through social interactions.