The authors diagnosed the state of the socio-economic system of our country and on this basis give a critique of the thesis of reindustrialization as the most perspective ways of development of Russia. It is shown that in the economy of the twenty-first century, the industry can only play the role of background for those areas, where we create the ultimate resource and the ultimate goal of modern development (not just growth) - human qualities. In these conditions the basic sector of material production can be efficiently transformed into the framework of industrial policy, focused on the development of new (mostly post-industrial) technological base and fundamentally different (centered on human qualities and production of their means of development and not of real wealth and simulacra) production structure. Drawing an analogy with the transition from agrarian to industrial production, due to which agriculture, formerly dominant, turned into one of the industrial fields ("postgrunge") production, whose share and role in social reproduction are constantly being reduced, while productivity and efficiency increase. A similar fate awaits industry, which in future may become one of the creative fields of (post-industrial) production, creating more wealth while reducing the share and role of this sector in social production.