Results of experts poll permitted to define the main objectives and problems of development of Russian education: salary increase of teachers, improvement of their professional level, ensuring compliance of quality of professional educational programs to requirements of the Russian society and economy. Experts defined following main problems of education: decrease in availability, insufficient financing, formalism and bureaucracy, problems of regular personnel deterioration, lacking demand for graduate students. As one of the perspective directions of development is noted public-private partnership to promote establishing interaction of employers with higher education institutions. Experts emphasized importance of improving indicators of assessment and creation of objective ratings of higher education institutions.