Gender power institutions in modern Russian have a very poor quality and do not meet requirements of modern economy reducing efficiency of society and economy. Acting within the behavior standards (institutional roles) of these institutions leads to high costs for economic agents. Low economic efficiency of human capital is typical for women due to gender discrimination both in social and reproductive sectors of the national economy and as a result of short life period and a great number of deaths in productive ages. It is pointed out that such gender imbalance lessens the efficiency of economy subjects and economy in general. All this asks for modernization of the existing gender power institutions. The article analyses quality of the most efficient national institutions in leveling out gender imbalance: Australian, and Swedish ones. Advantages and disadvantages of functioning institutions were identified. It is argued that the use of the experiences would allow the modernization of existing gender power institutions in Russia in the most optimal way for development.