Article is devoted to studying precariat and precarization in Russian society. Transformation of employment structure in post-industrial economy and conditions illustrating formation of precariat in Russia are taken into account. Theoretical scheme of precariat identification in social structure is developed. Quantitative estimate of the precariat size and its comparison with other social groups of Russian society are based on 4 repeated surveys covering post-socialist period from January 1994 to December 2013. Cluster and factorial analyses and constructed model of probability to be included in precariat (logit model) permited to conclude that in spite of Contents. Summaries 175 gradual weakening of conditions stimulating precarization, 27% Russians can be referred to be in the risk zone.