The article examines the opportunities for socio-economic integration of Azerbaijan and Russia through the development of agricultural exports. It is shown that today there are both factors hindering such integration, as well as the prerequisites for it, associated with the long-standing socio-economic relations of these countries, including in agriculture. The severance of economic ties in the 1980s hindered the marketing and production of many types of agricultural products in Azerbaijan. Today the situation is changing, the growth of agricultural production raises the issue of using the potential of economic ties with Russia. Conclusions are drawn that the development of such ties in the sphere of agriculture can affect the improvement of the socio-economic status of the rural population, as well as the prospects for socio-economic integration of Azerbaijan and Russia.