The article summarizes empirical results of long-term all-Russian sociological monitoring «How are you living, Russia?», held under the direction of the author since 1992. The author reveals the dialectical components of the modern global and Russian socio-political situation, the logic of the political relations transformation of the Russian state versus developed countries of the West. According to the author, after World War II the process of formation of the system of social and political relations within the boundaries of a more general process of global civil society formation began on our planet. On the basis of the speeches and decrees of the President of the Russian Federation V.V. Putin estimates are offered of the development of the post-Soviet social and political situation. Sociological studies show the dynamics of the relationships of Russian citizens to the President of the Russian Federation and the political institutions of the state, the policy pursued, relations between different social groups in the Russian society. Polarization of incomes has led to the formation of critical material and spiritual disparities creating a new socio-political problematic situation at the global and Russian levels. The digital technological revolution brings to the historical stage new avant-garde classes that begin to define the material and spiritual essence of the social and political future. In the digital age, the global contradiction of the cold war is replaced by a new confrontation that has arisen at the macro, meso and micro levels of the global society between the supporters of socially and nationally oriented sustainable development and supporters of the political ideology of global universalism as practiced by Trump. The peculiarity of the new global socio-political contradiction is that it runs not only between countries, military and political unions. It takes place within societies, structured on various social and class characteristics. On the basis of the social information and theoretical generalizations, the author offers feasible vectors of development of the situation in the country and substantiates preferences of integration for sustainable development.