The article is devoted to the research in the current problems of living standards and quality of life, social inequality and poverty, employment in Russia basing on the consideration of the main findings and statements of the monograph [Living standards and quality of life of the Russia’s population…] prepared under the editorship of V.N. Bobkov. A lot of the issues containing in the monograph are considered in both positive and discussion light. Among these are actual and feasible approaches towards defining and measuring poverty and social inequality. Attention is given to quality of employment and quality of working life, state policy in the field of labour market regulation under conditions of the modern technological changes, IT-development and digital economy. It is shown that the state social policy in Russia (employment promotion, social protection of population, poverty reduction, etc.) tends to be realized at the regional leveles.